Complications

Diabetes complications are the long-term damage caused by years of elevated blood sugar and insulin levels—including heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, nerve damage, vision loss, and amputations. Both high blood sugar and chronically high insulin contribute to this damage, which is why addressing insulin resistance matters as much as controlling glucose. These complications develop gradually but are largely preventable by maintaining blood sugar and insulin close to normal levels. Research consistently shows that lower average blood sugar correlates with fewer complications, with no threshold where the benefits stop.